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Florida eminent domain questions

The questions Florida property owners ask most often, answered plainly.

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Educational only. These answers describe general Florida principles. They are not legal advice and do not account for the facts of your property. Confirm any deadline, statute or figure with a licensed Florida attorney.

The basics

What is eminent domain?

The power of government, and of certain authorised bodies, to take private property for a public purpose on payment of compensation.

Who can take property in Florida?

The state and bodies the legislature has authorised, including the Department of Transportation, counties, municipalities, school boards, water management districts and certain utilities.

What is the difference between eminent domain and condemnation?

Eminent domain is the power. Condemnation is the court proceeding through which it is exercised.

Can I refuse to sell?

You can decline an offer. Where the taking is authorised and serves a public purpose, declining moves the question of compensation to court rather than stopping the acquisition.

Compensation

What does full compensation mean?

Article X section 6 requires full compensation rather than the narrower formulations used elsewhere. On a partial taking it directs attention to the effect on everything you keep, not only the strip acquired.

What are severance damages?

The reduction in value of the property left behind after part of it is taken, established by valuing the property before the taking and the remainder afterwards.

Can I be paid for damage to my business?

Section 73.071(3)(b) allows business damages in defined circumstances, including that the business has been established more than five years where the taking occurs on or after 1 January 2005. Most states allow nothing for this.

Who pays my attorney?

Section 73.091 makes the condemning authority responsible for reasonable costs of the defence, and section 73.092 governs attorney fees, calculated on the benefit obtained for the owner.

Is the first offer negotiable?

Yes. Section 73.015 requires a good faith attempt to negotiate before suit, with a written offer and the appraisal behind it. It is a starting position.

The process

What happens first?

Presuit negotiation under section 73.015, with a written offer supported by the appraisal the authority relies on.

Can they take possession before paying me?

Chapter 74 allows possession and title in advance of final judgment against a deposit sufficient to fully secure and fully compensate those entitled.

How much must be deposited?

For state agencies, counties and cities, the petitioner estimate of value. For private entities, double that amount.

Who decides the amount I receive?

Section 73.071 puts value, severance damages and business damages to a jury where the parties cannot agree.

How long does it take?

It varies with the project and the valuation. Do not rely on a general timeline. Confirm any deadline applying to you with a licensed Florida attorney.

Limits on the power

Can my property be taken to clear blight?

Section 73.014 prohibits the use of eminent domain to eliminate nuisance, slum or blight conditions and declares those purposes invalid.

Can the land be given to a developer?

Section 73.013 restricts conveying condemned property to private entities, with defined exceptions such as utilities, public infrastructure and transportation.

What if the agency damaged my property without filing anything?

Where a public body has taken or damaged property without a condemnation proceeding, inverse condemnation is the route owners use. Raise it promptly and in writing.

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